Introduction
Trans-Cinnamaldehyde (TCA) is the predominant aromatic compound that defines the characteristic warm, spicy-sweet aroma and flavor of cinnamon, constituting up to 90% of cinnamon essential oil. This naturally occurring α,β-unsaturated aldehyde is also commercially synthesized and has secured GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status by the U.S. FDA as a flavoring agent. Beyond its iconic scent, TCA is a versatile bioactive molecule with scientifically validated broad-spectrum antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Its dual functionality-as a premier flavor/fragrance ingredient and a potent natural active agent-makes it invaluable across the food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and agricultural industries. The global market for TCA is significant and growing, valued at billions of dollars, reflecting its wide-ranging industrial importance.[1]
Biochemical & Physical Parameters
| Parameter | Specification / Value | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| CAS No. | 14371-10-9 | The specific CAS for the trans isomer. |
| FEMA Number | 2286 | Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association identifier for food use. |
| Molecular Weight | 132.16 g/mol | |
| Density | ~1.05 g/mL at 25°C | Heavier than water. |
| Melting Point | -9 to -4 °C | Liquid at room temperature. |
| Boiling Point | ~250-252 °C | |
| Refractive Index (n²⁰/D) | ~1.621 - 1.622 | Characteristic optical property. |
| Flash Point | ~71 °C (160 °F) | Combustible liquid. |
| Solubility | Soluble in oils, ethanol, DMSO; slightly in water (~1.1 g/L at 20°C). | Typical for aromatic aldehydes. |
| Storage | 2-8°C, tightly sealed, under inert gas (argon). | Air and light sensitive. |
| Vapor Density | 4.5-4.6 (vs air) | Vapors are heavier than air. |
Mechanism of Action
The diverse biological benefits of Cinnamic Aldehyde stem from its unique chemical structure, particularly its α,β-unsaturated aldehyde moiety, which allows it to interact with and disrupt key biological targets in microbes and cells[1].
1. Primary Antimicrobial Action via Membrane Disruption:
Cinnamic Aldehyde is highly effective against a broad range of bacteria (both Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and fungi. Its primary mode of action involves interacting with and disrupting the microbial cell membrane. This leads to:
- Leakage of Vital Ions and Cellular Contents: Damage to membrane integrity causes the efflux of potassium, phosphate ions, and even larger molecules like ATP, RNA, and DNA.
- Inhibition of Energy Metabolism: It disrupts the proton motive force across the membrane, inhibiting the activity of membrane-bound ATPase and crippling the cell's energy production.
- Alteration of Membrane Fatty Acid Composition: Cinnamic Aldehyde can integrate into and modify the lipid profile of the membrane, further compromising its function and facilitating its own uptake.
2. Induction of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis:
Cinnamal can trigger a cascade of internal damage within cells:
- ROS Overload: It induces the overproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), overwhelming the cell's antioxidant defenses and causing oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA.
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis: In eukaryotic cells (including fungal and some mammalian cells), this oxidative stress disrupts mitochondrial function, leading to the release of cytochrome c and the activation of pathways that result in programmed cell death (apoptosis).
3. Interference with Cellular Metabolism and Biofilm Formation:
Beyond direct membrane attack, Cinnamal interferes with critical metabolic pathways, including amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, impairing the cell's ability to grow and defend itself. It is also known to inhibit the formation of biofilms, which are protective communities of microbes that are highly resistant to conventional antibiotics.
Benefits & Key Properties
- Potent, Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial: Functions as a highly effective natural preservative against bacteria and fungi, offering an alternative to synthetic chemicals in food, cosmetics, and agricultural products.
- Powerful Antioxidant: Scavenges free radicals, helping to prevent oxidative rancidity in products and potentially mitigating oxidative stress in biological systems.
- Signature Warm-Spicy Aroma: Delivers the authentic, globally recognized scent and flavor of cinnamon, essential for creating appealing consumer products[1][2].
- GRAS Status and Natural Origin: Its approval as a food flavoring and its derivation from a common spice support its use in "clean-label" and natural formulation strategies.
- Multi-Industry Applicability: A single ingredient with functional benefits spanning flavoring, fragrance, preservation, and bioactive applications, providing excellent formulation versatility.
Applications Across Industries
| Industry | Primary Function | Example Uses & Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Food & Beverage | Flavoring Agent & Natural Preservative | Used in candies, chewing gum, ice cream, baked goods, desserts, alcoholic beverages (e.g., flavored spirits), sauces, and meat products. Typical use levels range from 10 ppm in beverages to 5000 ppm in chewing gum[1][2][3]. |
| Fragrance & Cosmetics | Fragrance Ingredient & Functional Active | A key component in perfumes, soaps, detergents, shampoos, and oral care products for its warm, spicy note. Also valued in cosmetics for its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties[1][2]. |
| Pharmaceutical & Research | Bioactive Intermediate & Research Chemical | Investigated for its antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties in preclinical research. Used as a chemical precursor and in the synthesis of more complex molecules (e.g., Schiff bases for sensing applications)[4]. |
| Agriculture | Natural Antimicrobial & Repellent | Studied as a botanical pesticide, antifungal agent for crop protection, and repellent. Used in animal feed for its antimicrobial benefits[1]. |
Safety, Regulatory & Handling
Safety Profile:
Trans-Cinnamaldehyde is considered safe for consumption in regulated amounts as a flavoring agent. However, in concentrated form, it is a skin and eye irritant (H315, H319) and a potential skin sensitizer (H317), meaning it can cause allergic contact dermatitis in some individuals. Proper handling with gloves and eye protection is essential.
Regulatory Status:
- U.S.: GRAS as a flavoring (FDA) and approved for use in food.
- Europe: Approved as a flavoring. Its use in cosmetics is subject to IFRA (International Fragrance Association) guidelines to manage sensitization risk.
- China: Listed in the GB 2760 standard for use as a food flavoring and preservative for surface-treated fresh fruits.
Key Handling Notes:
- Storage: Keep in a cool (2-8°C), dark place under an inert atmosphere (argon) to prevent oxidation and polymerization.
- Combustibility: It is a combustible liquid with a flash point around 71°C. Keep away from heat and open flames.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ).
Q: Is Trans-Cinnamaldehyde the same as Cinnamic Aldehyde?
A: Yes. "Trans-Cinnamaldehyde," "Cinnamic Aldehyde," and "Cinnamal" are common synonyms for the same chemical compound (CAS 14371-10-9). The "trans-" prefix is often omitted in common usage, as this is the dominant and commercially relevant isomer.
Q: What are the main safety concerns when handling Trans-Cinnamaldehyde ?
A: The primary hazards are skin and eye irritation and potential skin sensitization (allergy). Always refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) and use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) like nitrile or butyl rubber gloves and safety goggles. Ensure good ventilation.
Q: Can Trans-Cinnamaldehyde be used as a natural food preservative?
A: Yes. Its strong antimicrobial and antifungal properties make it an excellent candidate for extending the shelf life of foods. Research shows effectiveness against common food spoilage organisms like Aspergillus species. It is already approved for this purpose in certain applications, such as on the surface of fresh fruits.
Q: Why is the purity important, and what grades are available?
A: Purity affects odor quality, reactivity, and suitability for specific applications.
1. ≥98-99% (Technical/Reagent Grade): Suitable for industrial synthesis, fragrance compounding, and research.
2. FCC (Food Chemical Codex) Grade: Meets stricter safety and purity standards for use in food and beverage products.
Contact Us
Unlock the dual power of nature's premier spice essence and a potent bioactive agent. Our Trans-Cinnamaldehyde (CAS 14371-10-9) is available in high-purity grades to meet your formulation needs in flavor, fragrance, preservation, and research.
Contact our technical sales team today to:
- Request a sample and a Certificate of Analysis (CoA).
- Discuss your specific application and receive formulation support.
- Inquire about FCC grade for food applications or bulk pricing.
E-mail: ella.zhang@huilinbio-tech.com.
References
- National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). (2024). Cinnamaldehyde in Focus: Antimicrobial Properties, Biosynthetic Pathway, and Industrial Applications. Antibiotics, 13(11), 1095.
-
aladdin. (n.d.). *C110084 桂皮醛 trans-Cinnamaldehyde 14371-10-9 98%*. ChemicalBook.
-
ChemicalBook. (n.d.). 反式肉桂醛 (trans-Cinnamaldehyde)性质,用途与生产工艺.
Hot Tags: trans-cinnamaldehyde liquid, China, suppliers, manufacturers, factory, wholesale, buy, price, bulk, pure, natural, high quality, in stock, for sale, Alpha Arbutin Powder 99 , Arbutin Powder, Asiaticoside Powder, Copper Peptide Powder, Hydrolyzed Silk Powder, Symwhite Powder
